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Bans on Transgender People Using Public Bathrooms and Facilities According to their Gender Identity

These laws prohibit transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities—such as locker rooms, shower rooms, changing rooms, and other sex-segregated spaces—according to their gender identity in certain circumstances or places. All of these policies apply to K-12 school settings, and some apply even more broadly to other government-owned buildings and spaces. This can include bathrooms and facilities in government buildings (e.g., city hall, courthouses, state legislative buildings, and more), colleges or universities, jails or prisons, and even in some cases airports, public parks, and much more. Click "Citations" to find more detail about each state's ban, the places or spaces it covers, and more. Please note that these bans do not apply to, for example, private businesses or other non-government-owned spaces, though these spaces may have their own discriminatory policies.
United States Map
Washington New York U.S. Virgin Islands Puerto Rico Guam Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands American Samoa New Hampshire Vermont Virginia Pennsylvania New York Maine West Virginia Ohio Kentucky Indiana Michigan Illinois Wisconsin North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Georgia Florida Mississippi Missouri Arkansas Louisiana Iowa Minnesota Oklahoma Kansas Nebraska South Dakota North Dakota Texas 33 Colorado Wyoming Montana Idaho Arizona Utah Nevada Oregon California Hawaii Alaska Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Jersey Delaware Maryland Washington D.C. New Hampshire Vermont
  • State bans transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities consistent with their gender identity in all government-owned buildings and spaces, including K-12 schools, colleges, and more (2 states)
  • State bans transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities consistent with their gender identity in K-12 schools and at least some government-owned buildings (5 states)
  • State bans transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities consistent with their gender identity in K-12 schools (8 states)
  • No state ban on transgender people’s use of bathrooms or facilities (35 states , 5 territories + D.C.)
  • State law makes it a criminal offense, in certain circumstances, for transgender people to use bathrooms or facilities consistent with their gender identity (2 states)
  • State has law or policy defining “sex” in ways that may impact transgender people’s access to bathrooms or facilities according to their gender identity (10 states)

Citations & More Information
*Notes:
--Click "Citations" to find more information about each state's ban, the places or spaces it covers, and more information.
--Both Florida and Ohio's bans apply to at least some private settings. All other bans currently on the books apply only to government-owned settings. See the Citations for more detail.
--In Idaho, in August 2023, a federal judge temporarily blocked the state's ban from being enforced. The lawsuit against the ban is ongoing. 
--In Virginia, the state's ban is via state agency policy (which school districts are required by law to adopt), rather than legislation. However, many school districts are resisting this adoption, and so implementation/enforcement of the ban may vary across the state. Click "Citations & More Information" to learn more.

Recommended citation:
Movement Advancement Project. [Year of access]. "Equality Maps: Bans on Transgender People's Use of Public Bathrooms & Facilities According to Their Gender Identity." https://www.mapresearch.org/equality-maps/nondiscrimination/bathroom_bans. Accessed 01/10/2025.

Percent of Transgender Population Covered by Laws

*Note: These percentages reflect estimates of the transgender population (ages 13+) living in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Estimates of transgender people in the U.S. territories or under age 13 are not available, and so cannot be reflected here. Population estimates are from The Williams Institute.

8%

8 % of the transgender population (ages 13+) lives in states that ban transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities consistent with their gender identity in all government-owned buildings and spaces, including K-12 schools, colleges, and more

7%

7 % of the transgender population (ages 13+) lives in states that ban transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities consistent with their gender identity in K-12 schools and at least some government-owned buildings

8%

8 % of the transgender population (ages 13+) lives in states that ban transgender people from using bathrooms and facilities consistent with their gender identity in K-12 schools only

77%

77 % of the transgender population (ages 13+) lives in states with no ban on transgender people’s use of bathrooms or facilities

Key
  • State does not have this lawIndicates an anti-LGBTQ Law
    • ,
  • State does not have this lawIndicates an anti-LGBTQ Law
State K-12 Some But Not All Government-Owned Buildings/Places All Schools, Colleges, & Government-Owned Buildings Year passed
Alabama State does not have this law State does not have this law 2022, 2024
Alaska State does not have this law
American Samoa State does not have this law
Arizona State does not have this law
Arkansas State does not have this law 2023
California State does not have this law
Colorado State does not have this law
Connecticut State does not have this law
Delaware State does not have this law
District of Columbia State does not have this law
Florida State does not have this law State does not have this law 2023
Georgia State does not have this law
Guam State does not have this law
Hawaii State does not have this law
Idaho State does not have this law 2023
Illinois State does not have this law
Indiana State does not have this law
Iowa State does not have this law 2023
Kansas State does not have this law
Kentucky State does not have this law 2023
Louisiana State does not have this law State does not have this law 2024
Maine State does not have this law
Maryland State does not have this law
Massachusetts State does not have this law
Michigan State does not have this law
Minnesota State does not have this law
Mississippi State does not have this law State does not have this law 2024
Missouri State does not have this law
Montana State does not have this law
Nebraska State does not have this law
Nevada State does not have this law
New Hampshire State does not have this law
New Jersey State does not have this law
New Mexico State does not have this law
New York State does not have this law
North Carolina State does not have this law
North Dakota State does not have this law State does not have this law 2023
Northern Mariana Islands State does not have this law
Ohio State does not have this law State does not have this law 2024
Oklahoma State does not have this law 2022
Oregon State does not have this law
Pennsylvania State does not have this law
Puerto Rico State does not have this law
Rhode Island State does not have this law
South Carolina State does not have this law 2024
South Dakota State does not have this law
Tennessee State does not have this law 2021
Texas State does not have this law
U.S. Virgin Islands State does not have this law
Utah State does not have this law State does not have this law 2024
Vermont State does not have this law
Virginia State does not have this law 2023
Washington State does not have this law
West Virginia State does not have this law
Wisconsin State does not have this law
Wyoming State does not have this law


Data current as of 01/12/2025
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Sexual Orientation Policy Tally

The term “sexual orientation” is loosely defined as a person’s pattern of romantic or sexual attraction to people of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or more than one sex or gender. Laws that explicitly mention sexual orientation primarily protect or harm lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. That said, transgender people who are lesbian, gay or bisexual can be affected by laws that explicitly mention sexual orientation.

Gender Identity Policy Tally

“Gender identity” is a person’s deeply-felt inner sense of being male, female, or something else or in-between. “Gender expression” refers to a person’s characteristics and behaviors such as appearance, dress, mannerisms and speech patterns that can be described as masculine, feminine, or something else. Gender identity and expression are independent of sexual orientation, and transgender people may identify as heterosexual, lesbian, gay or bisexual. Laws that explicitly mention “gender identity” or “gender identity and expression” primarily protect or harm transgender people. These laws also can apply to people who are not transgender, but whose sense of gender or manner of dress does not adhere to gender stereotypes.

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